Bolt nimwe mubisanzwe bifatisha muguteranya imashini. Ukuri no kwizerwa muburyo bwabo bwo guhuza bigira ingaruka kumutekano nubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho. Haba guteranya ibikoresho byoroheje cyangwa gukora ibikoresho bigoye byinganda, kumenya guhitamo bolt, gushiraho, no kubungabunga ni ngombwa. Iyi ngingo izaganira ku ngingo yibanze ya tekiniki ya bolt ihuza kugirango ifashe abasomyi gusobanukirwa byimbitse kuriyi nzira yibanze ariko ikomeye.
I. Ubwoko bwibanze bwa Bolt n'amahame yo guhitamo
Bolt iza muburyo bwinshi. Bashobora gutondekwa muburyo bwimitwe, nka mpandeshatu, impande esheshatu, uruziga, hamwe na kare; n'ubwoko bw'urudodo, barashobora gushyirwa mubice bito, byiza, kandi bidasanzwe; n'ibikoresho, birashobora gushyirwa mubyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, hamwe nicyuma kivanze. Ibintu bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho muguhitamo bolts:
Ibisabwa Umutwaro: Iyo bikorewe imitwaro ifite imbaraga (nka vibrasiya), byiza - umugozi wumutwe cyangwa hejuru - imbaraga zivanze ibyuma byuma. Kubintu biremereye, ibisanzwe - insinga zishobora gukoreshwa.
Guhuza Ibidukikije: Ibyuma bitagira umwanda (nka 304/316) cyangwa ibisigazwa bya galvanis birasabwa ahantu h’ubushuhe cyangwa bwangirika. Shyushya ibikoresho - ibikoresho birwanya (nkibyuma bya 12.9 byo mu rwego rwa alloy ibyuma) birakenewe kubushyuhe bwo hejuru -.
Guhuza neza: Hexagon sock bolts irasabwa kubikoresho byuzuye kugirango birinde kwangirika kwingufu zituruka hanze no kugongana, mugihe imitwe ya mpande esheshatu ikoreshwa mubice binini byubaka kugirango byorohereze ibikoresho.
II. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwishyiriraho uburyo bwahinduwe
Uburyo bukwiye bwo kwishyiriraho ni ngombwa kugirango habeho guhuza kwizewe. Uburyo busanzwe burimo:
Kwitegura: Sukura hejuru yibice bifitanye isano (kura amavuta, umwanda, na burrs). Nibiba ngombwa, shyira urudodo rwo gufunga cyangwa gukaraba (nko gukaraba amasoko cyangwa koza amenyo).
Mbere - gukomera: Koresha umurongo wa torque kugirango ukomere mu ntambwe ukoresheje "umusaraba - uburyo bwo gukomera" (cyane cyane kubintu byinshi - byubatswe). Mubanze komera kuri 50% -70% yumuriro usabwa. Umucyo wanyuma ugomba gukurikiza byimazeyo agaciro gasanzwe (kurugero, urumuri rusanzwe kuri M10 bolt ni 40-60 N · m).
Kurwanya - ingamba zo kurekura: Usibye gukaraba imashini, gufunga imigozi (nka Loctite 243), gukaraba amasoko, cyangwa ingingo za punch (gushiraho kashe no guhindura imitwe yumutwe).
III. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kunanirwa no gukemura
Kunanirwa kwa Bolt akenshi kugaragara nko kurekura, kumeneka, cyangwa gukuramo umugozi. Impamvu n'ibisubizo ni ibi bikurikira:
Kurekura: Kunyeganyega bigabanya guterana amagambo. Ibi birashobora gukemurwa wongeyeho igikoresho cyo gufunga (nka nylon yinjizamo ibinyomoro) cyangwa kubisubiramo bisanzwe.
Kumeneka: Kurenza urugero cyangwa inenge yibintu bishobora gutera ibi. Reba imbaraga za bolt (urugero, 8.8-zo mu rwego rwa bolts zifite imbaraga zingana zirenze cyangwa zingana na 800 MPa) kandi wirinde kwibanda kumpande.
Kwambura insanganyamatsiko: Kwambara kumutwe cyangwa imbaraga zikabije mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho. Birasabwa gukoresha ibinini binini cyangwa gusana ibyobo bifatanye (urugero, mugushiramo insinga nyuma yo gukanda).
IV. Porogaramu Zigezweho no guhanga udushya
Mu nganda zigezweho, tekinoroji ya bolt ihora itera imbere:
Hydraulic tensioning: Pre - gukomera bigerwaho muguhuza shank ya bolt hamwe nigikoresho cya hydraulic, ikuraho ikosa ryo guterana rijyanye nuburyo bwa torque gakondo. Ubu buryo burakwiriye gukoreshwa - zikoreshwa neza nkimbaraga za kirimbuzi nindege.
Bolt ifite ubwenge: Imashini zikoresha imbaraga cyangwa ibyuma bya RFID bikurikirana pre - imbaraga zoguhindura imbaraga mugihe nyacyo kandi bikoreshwa mugukurikirana ubuzima bwinzego zikomeye nkikiraro niminara ya turbine.
Kwikuramo - gukanda: Ibi byuma birashobora kwinjira mubikoresho byoroshye (nka plastiki na aluminiyumu) bitabanje gucukura -, byoroshya inzira yo guterana.
Umwanzuro
Nubunini bwazo, bolts n "" umutekano uhuza "sisitemu ya mashini. Kuva guhitamo kugeza kubungabunga, buri kantu karashobora kumenya kwizerwa kwibikoresho byose. Kumenya uburyo bwa siyanse ya bolt ihuza ntabwo bisaba kuyobora gusa ahubwo bisaba n'uburambe bufatika. Kuri ba injeniyeri, guhora ukurikirana iterambere ryibikoresho bishya nibikorwa ningirakamaro mugushushanya ibisubizo bihamye kandi byiza byihuza kubikorwa bigoye.
